Rabbit anti-Human TLR2, Azide-Free - IMG-410E

Background
The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family in mammal comprises a family of transmembrane proteins characterized by multiple copies of leucine rich repeats in the extracellular domain and IL-1 receptor motif in the cytoplasmic domain. Like its counterparts in Drosophila, TLRs signal through adaptor molecules (1). The TLR family is a phylogenetically conserved mediator of innate immunity that is essential for microbial recognition (2). Ten human homologs of TLRs (TLR1-10) have been described (3). TLR2 is differentially expressed in human cells. TLR2 is expressed in tonsils, lymph nodes, and appendices, activated B-cells in germinal centers. CD14+ monocytes expressed the highest level of TLR2 followed by CD15+ granulocytes, and CD19+ B-cells, CD3+ T-cells, and CD56+ NK cells did not express TLR2. The expression of TLR2 on different cell types are regulated by different immune response modifiers. For example, LPS, GM-CSF, IL-1, and IL-10 up regulates TLR2 whereas IL-4, IFN-gamma, and TNF down regulate TLR2 expression in monocytes (4).

Antigen
This antibody was developed against a mixture of synthetic peptides containing amino acids 180-196, 353-370, and 473-489 of human TLR2.

Application Notes
In Imgenex's transfected human TLR2 cell lysate (Cat # 40201), a 90 kDa band is observed. This antibody has also been reported to work well in bronchial epithelial cells (UBH16E) and THP-1 cells.

Genebank Info (Protein)
NP_003255

Related Products
1. 20301 [Goat Anti-Rabbit HRP Conjugate]
2. IMG-5142A [Polyclonal Antibody to beta Actin]
3. IMG-5143A [Polyclonal Antibody to GAPDH]
4. 40201 [Human TLR2/CD282 transfected cell lysate]
5. IMG-2201 [Pam3CSK4, TLR1 and TLR2 Ligand]
6. IMG-2206 [MALP-2, TLR6/TLR2 ligand]

Reference
1. Muzio M, Natoli G, Saccani S, Levrero M, and Mantovani A. J. Exp. Med. 187: 2097-2101 (1998).
2. Medzhitov R and Janeway CA. Cell 91: 295-298 (1997).
3. Chuang TH and Ulevitch RJ.   Eur Cytokine Netw 11(3): 372-378 (2000).
4. Chuang TH and Ulevitch RJ. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1518 (1-2): 157-161 (2001).
5. Flo TH, Halaas O, Torp S, Ryan L, Lien E, Dybdahl B, Sundan A, Espevik T. J Leukoc Biol 69(3): 474-481 (2001).

Product Citations
1. Activation of Ca2+- dependent signaling by TLR2. Chun J and A Prince. J. Immunol, 177:1330-1337. (2006). IMGENEX antibodies cited: 1. TLR2 (IMG-410) [WB (human airway epithelial cell lines)].
2. Soluble Forms of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)2 Capable of Modulating TLR2 Signaling Are Present in Human Plasma and Breast Milk. LeBouder E, J E. Rey-Nores, N K. Rushmere, M Grigorov, S D. Lawn, M Affolter, G E. Griffin, P Ferrara, E J. Schiffrin, B. Paul Morgan and M O. Labéta. J. Immunol, 171: 6680-6689 (2003). IMGENEX antibodies cited: 1. TLR2 (IMG-319 and IMG-410); For IMG-319: WB, Fig.1D and Fig.6C (Mono Mac-6 monocytes); For IMG-410: Fig.6A-B, (human breast milk).
3. Expression patterns and functions of toll-like receptors in mouse sertoli cells. Wu H, H Wang, W Xiong, S Chen, H Tang, D Han. Endocrinology 14: 4408-4412 (2008). Imgenex antibodies cited:
1. TLR2 (IMG-410A): WB (sertoli cell lysates), Fig. 1D.
2. TLR5 (IMG-664A): WB (sertoli cell lysates), Fig. 1D.
3. TLR5 (IMG-664C): Flow (cell surface), mouse sertoli cells and macrophages, Figs. 1B,C,E.
4. TLR6 (IMG-527): WB (sertoli cell lysates), Fig. 1D.
4. Orange juice neutralizes the proinflammatory effect of a high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal and prevents endotoxin increase and Toll-like receptor expression. Ghanim H, C Sia, M Upadhyay, K Korzeniewski, P Viswanathan, S Abuaysheh, P Mohanty, P Dandona. Am J Clin Nutr 91: 940-949 (2010). IMGENEX product cited: TLR2 (IMG-410A): WB (human mononuclear cells), Fig 6A.
5. Oxidized low-density lipprotein induces bone morphogenetic protein-2 in coronary endothelial cells via toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Su X, L Ao, Y Shi, T Johnson, D Fullerton, X Meng. JBC doi:M110.214619 (2011). IMGENEX product cited: TLR2/CD282 (IMG-410A). WB: TLR2 siRNA transfected human coronary artery endothelial (CAECs) cell line, Fig 3A.

Note: The TLR2 (IMG-410A) antibody was siRNA validated by WB in CAEC cell line, Fig 3A.