Caspase-associated recruitment domains (CARDs) mediate the interaction between adaptor proteins such as APAF1 and the proform of caspases (e.g. CASP9) participating in apoptosis. ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD, also known as TMS1or PYCARD) is a member of the CARD-containing adaptor protein family. ASC is a 195 amino acid protein that contains an N-terminal pyrin-like domain (PYD) and an 87 residue C-terminal CARD. This motif is characteristic of numerous proteins involved in apoptotic signaling. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrates a ring-like expression in some transfected cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrates that induction of apoptosis causes a CARD-dependent shift from diffuse cytoplasmic expression to punctate or spherical perinuclear aggregates. Western blot analysis shows expression of 22 kDa ASC in leukemia and melanoma cell lines. ASC exhibits intriguing behavior by forming an aggregate and appearing as a speck during apoptosis induced by retinoic acid and other anti-tumor drugs. The ASC gene maps to human chromosome 16p12-p11.2.
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