Lung cancer is a disease that develops in the cells of the lung. There are two main forms of lung cancer: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for almost 85% of cases, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which accounts for almost 15% of cases.
Lung cancer, a formidable disease, is one of the major challenges facing world health. Characterised by the abnormal growth of lung cells, this cancer encompasses a diversity of subtypes, contributing to its complexity and varied clinical implications. As cancer cells proliferate uncontrollably, they can invade neighbouring tissues and spread to other parts of the body via the lymphatic or blood systems. Lung cancer, as a pathological entity, represents a major medical challenge at the crossroads of cell biology, epidemiology and clinical medicine.
The different forms of lung cancer, such as small-cell bronchial carcinoma and non-small-cell bronchial carcinoma, bear witness to the genetic diversity underlying this disease. Genomic alterations, such as KRAS gene mutations or ALK gene rearrangements, are contributing to a growing understanding of the specific oncogenic mechanisms involved in disease initiation and progression.
The origin of lung cancer is often associated with genetic mutations triggered by environmental factors such as smoking, exposure to carcinogens or other complex variables. Scientific advances have led to a better understanding of the underlying biology of this disease, shedding light on the specific molecular mechanisms that contribute to its development.
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