Reagents and instruments for immunology, cell biology and molecular biology.
 
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)

Polyethylene glycol (PEG)

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a synthetic, water-soluble polymer that functions primarily as a non-penetrating (extracellular) cryoprotectant (CPA). Its cryoprotective efficacy is highly dependent on its molecular weight, with low-molecular-weight formulations exhibiting unique properties that can even allow for cellular internalization. PEG is widely investigated as an alternative to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to mitigate toxicity concerns in cell and tissue preservation.

Mechanism of Cryoprotection

PEG protects biological material through a combination of extracellular and, for low-molecular-weight variants, intracellular mechanisms.

  • Osmotic Dehydration and Ice Inhibition: As a non-penetrating CPA, PEG accumulates in the extracellular space, elevating osmotic pressure. This draws water out of the cell, reducing intracellular water content and thereby lowering the risk of damaging intracellular ice formation. For low-molecular-weight PEGs (e.g., PEG200), simple diffusion into cells or 3D structures like spheroids can suppress internal osmotic pressure development and directly inhibit ice formation.
  • Membrane Stabilization: PEG is classified among non-permeating CPAs that help maintain membrane stability, protecting cells from the high osmotic stresses of freezing and thawing.
  • Hydrogen Bonding and Water Structure Modification: PEG molecules contain hydroxyl groups that can interact with water through hydrogen bonding, altering water's hydrogen-bonding network. This can depress the freezing point and disrupt the ordered arrangement of water molecules required for ice crystallization.
  • Ice Recrystallization Inhibition (IRI) and Ice Nucleation Inhibition (INI): The role of PEG in IRI is complex. Some cryomicroscopic studies have found that PEG did not exhibit IRI activity, unlike poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), yet it still reduced freezing-induced membrane leakage. Other research indicates that the effectiveness of low-molecular-weight PEGs like PEG200 may partly be attributed to INI, preventing the formation of initial ice nuclei.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

How can I quickly find a polyethylene glycol product?

To find a polyethylene glycol product, use the search function by name, product code, supplier, brand or sub-category. You can also browse the product families listed on the page to identify an available product code, an alternative or an equivalent product.

Does CliniSciences stock several product codes in the polyethylene glycol category?

Yes, CliniSciences distributes several product references in the polyethylene glycol category, sourced from specialist suppliers. Depending on the product family, references may vary in terms of format, packaging, brand, supplier, technical specifications or availability.

Can I request a quote for polyethylene glycol products?

Yes, you can request a quote for polyethylene glycol products from the product page or by contacting CliniSciences (info@clinisciences.com). To help us process your enquiry, please provide, where possible, the product name, catalogue reference, required quantity, the supplier or brand you are looking for, and the country of delivery.

How can I find out if a polyethylene glycol product is available to order?

The availability of a polyethylene glycol product depends on the product code, supplier, packaging and country of delivery. For up-to-date information, please check the product details page or contact CliniSciences with the product code or name of the product you are looking for.

What should I do if I cannot find the polyethylene glycol product I am looking for?

If the polyethylene glycol product you are looking for does not appear in the catalogue, please contact CliniSciences with the available information: product name, reference number, supplier, brand, format or packaging. The team will be able to search for the reference number within its network of suppliers or suggest an available alternative.

Are all polyethylene glycol products available under the same terms and conditions?

No. Ordering, delivery, storage and documentation conditions may vary depending on the product type, the supplier and the applicable regulations. Certain product codes may require specific approval, specialised transport, a safety data sheet or additional information prior to ordering.

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