Isotype Controls Antibodies

Isotype Controls Antibodies

Isotype controls are crucial components in immunological assays, particularly in techniques such as flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. They serve as negative controls that help researchers differentiate between specific antibody binding and non-specific background signals.

What are isotype controls?

Isotype controls are antibodies that lack specificity for the target antigen being studied. They are matched to the primary antibody in terms of class, type, and host species but do not bind to any specific antigen. Their primary purpose is to measure the level of non-specific background signal caused by various factors, such as:

  • Binding to Fc receptors on target cells.
  • Non-specific interactions with cellular proteins, carbohydrates, or lipids.
  • Cellular autofluorescence, which can interfere with detection methods.

Importance of isotype controls

The use of isotype controls is essential for several reasons:

  • Distinguishing Specific from Non-Specific Binding: By providing a baseline measurement of background staining, isotype controls help determine whether the observed signal is due to specific antibody binding or non-specific interactions.
  • Validation of Assay Results: They enhance the reliability of experimental results by ensuring that any positive signals detected are indeed due to the target antigen and not artifacts.
  • Optimization of Experimental Conditions: Isotype controls allow researchers to adjust their experimental conditions based on the level of background staining observed.

Applications of isotype controls

While primarily used in flow cytometry, isotype controls have broader applications across various immunological techniques:

  • Flow Cytometry: They are extensively used to assess background staining and optimize gating strategies.
  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC): In IHC, isotype controls help validate staining specificity in tissue sections.
  • Western Blotting and ELISA: These controls can also be employed to ensure accurate detection of proteins in complex mixtures.

Search result : 10622 product found

Refine your search :

RUO
CE/IVD
NEW
  • Unconjugated 6118
  • PE 659
  • FITC 537
  • APC 363
  • Biotin 342
  • PerCp 224
  • PE/Cy7 138
  • PE/Cy5 133
  • PerCP/Cy5.5 104
  • APC/Cy5.5 96
  • PE/Cy5.5 86
  • HRP 84
  • azide free 56
  • low endotoxin 56
  • Cy5 50
  • APC/Cy7 31
  • Alexa Fluor 488 31
  • Cy3 27
  • Cy5.5 25
  • Cy7 25
  • Red 25
  • PE-Cy5 23
  • Alexa Fluor 350 21
  • Alexa Fluor 555 21
  • Alexa Fluor 750 21
  • PE-Cy7 21
  • R-PE 19
  • SPRD 19
  • APC-Cy7 17
  • DyLight 755 16
  • DyLight® 488 16
  • DyLight® 650 16
  • Low Endotoxin/Azide Free 15
  • DyLight® 594 13
  • DyLight® 550 12
  • APC-CY5.5 11
  • PerCP-Cy5.5 11
  • Alexa Fluor 647 10
  • AP 9
  • Fluorescein 9
  • RPE 9
  • Beads 8
  • FITC/PE 8
  • Rhodamine 8
  • Texas Red® 8
  • Peroxidase 7
  • R-Phycoerythrin 7
  • CF®405S 6
  • CF®488A 6
  • CF®568 6
  • CF®594 6
  • CF®640R 6
  • CF®647 6
  • DyLight® 680 6
  • purified 6
  • redFluor 710 6
  • violetFluor 450 6
  • DyLight 488 5
  • DyLight 650 5
  • R-PE/Cy5 5
  • Agarose 4
  • CF®555 4
  • DyLight 550 4
  • DyLight 594 4
  • PE-Cy5.5 4
  • R-PE/Cy5.5 4
  • RBITC 4
  • ALP 3
  • BSA 3
  • PerCP-Cyanine5.5 3
  • CF®405L 2
  • CF®405M 2
  • CF®514 2
  • CF®660C 2
  • CF®660R 2
  • DyLight 680 2
  • LE/AF 1
  • PE-DyLight 594 1
  • Pacific Blue 1
  • R-PE/Cy7 1
  • TRITC 1
  • mouse 639
  • human 363
  • rat 313
  • chicken 61
  • hamster 49
  • rabbit 34
  • cat 18
  • cow 16
  • dog 13
  • goat 11
  • pig 11
  • sheep 10
  • horse 8
  • guinea pig 6
  • plant 4
  • ferret 2
  • mouse 4253
  • rat 2637
  • hamster 850
  • human 348
  • rabbit 213
  • goat 100
  • dog 30
  • sheep 30
  • cat 25
  • chicken 25
  • cow 15
  • llama 15
  • monkey 12
  • pig 11
  • guinea pig 10
  • donkey 8
  • ferret 2
  • camel 1
  • Control isotype 10622
  • FC 7502
  • ELISA 964
  • WB 719
  • IHC 527
  • IF 441
  • IP 428
  • FLISA 160
  • in-vivo 117
  • ICC 106
  • Assay 101
  • Microscopy 66
  • FA 61
  • ChIP 30
  • Staining 11
  • in-vitro 8
  • Dot blot 5
  • Immunoelectrophoresis 5
  • Neutralization 3
  • Blocking 2
  • Radioimmunoassay 2
  • FC
    ELISA
    FLISA
    1
  • Immunoassay 1
  • Immunodiffusion 1
  • Multiplex assay 1
  • Neuralization 1
  • Polyclonal 1103
  • Monoclonal 1073
  • MOPC-21 540
  • C1.18.4 430
  • MPC-11 429
  • LTF-2 388
  • HRPN 376
  • 2A3 375
  • PIP 369
  • MM-30 313
  • RTK2118 264
  • A112-3 171
  • B39-4 171
  • SHG-1 159
  • 4C3-F8 100
  • 6F8-E10 100
  • 7G3-G4 100
  • 7G6-B4 100
  • HyHEL-10 72
  • MOPC-173 58
  • 15H6 48
  • IB1 47
  • IGG1/1331 42
  • s-2B5.3 36
  • s-IB7.11 36
  • HOPC-1 35
  • HKSP 34
  • s-1-1 33
  • s-GL113 33
  • s-PIP 33
  • IB7.11 31
  • A-1 30
  • s-1-2 30
  • s-C44 30
  • s-HKSP84 30
  • 11E10 28
  • 7C2C6C2 28
  • KLH/G2a-1-1 28
  • KLH/G2b-1-2 27
  • 2B5.3 25
  • S107 25
  • 299Arm 24
  • B10 24
  • IB4 24
  • KLH/G1-2-2 24
  • s-7C2C6C12 24
  • 1-1 23
  • RTK2758 21
  • IGG/1333 20
  • MG2a-53 20
  • 1-2 19
  • 13R4 19
  • PPV-07 19
  • RTG2A1-1 19
  • GL113 18
  • NIP/M-2 18
  • 2E12 17
  • 12B9 15
  • 2H3 15
  • C44 15
  • PFR-03 15
  • RTG2B1-2 15
  • monoclonal 14
  • 3D12 13
  • 6H3 13
  • G013C12 13
  • s-LTF-2 12
  • s-MOPC-173 12
  • s-MOPC-21 12
  • 1H5 11
  • 231 11
  • 3G8 11
  • B-Z2 11
  • B1-8 11
  • RTK4530 11
  • B-Z1 10
  • CB13 10
  • HKSP84 10
  • SPE-7 10
  • 4F17 9
  • PPV-04 9
  • s-7C2C7C12 9
  • s-HRPN 9
  • s-MPC-11 9
  • KLH-G9 8
  • MG3-35 8
  • MOPC 11 8
  • MOPC31C 8
  • B11/6 7
  • HEL D1.3 7
  • IB5 7
  • M2B 7
  • MG1 7
  • polyclonal 7
  • 6A3 6
  • AEE14/7 6
  • B12/8 6
  • F8-11-13 6
  • M2A 6
  • MG3 6
APPLY FILTERS
REINITIALIZE
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10