GRP78-IN-1

GRP78-IN-1 displays interactions with specific residues on the GRP78 protein with a binding energy of -8.07 kcal/mol. This compound possesses potent cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells, particularly demonstrating promising apoptosis in breast cancer cells and wound healing properties [1].

GRP78-IN-1 (compound 3i), at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 100 μM over 48 hours, exhibits significant cytotoxic effects on various cell lines, with IC50 values of 2.06, 12.57, 9, 18, 4.9, 2.19, and 62.48 μM for MCF-1, PANC-1, HCT-116, PC-3, A549, MDA-MB-231, and FR-2 cells, respectively. Furthermore, administration of GRP78-IN-1 at 1, 2, 4, and 6 μM leads to an increased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, including Par-4, BAX, and cleaved caspase 9, indicating an induction of the apoptotic cascade. Additionally, at these concentrations, GRP78-IN-1 inhibits the motility of MCF-7 and A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic agent by affecting both cell viability and migration.