Reagenti e strumenti per immunologia, biologia cellulare e biologia molecolare

Vismodegib [879085-55-9]

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Cat# HY-10440-200mg

Size : 200mg

Marca : MedChemExpress

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Description

Vismodegib (GDC-0449) is a BBB-permeable and orally active hedgehog pathway inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 3 nM. Vismodegib also inhibits P-gp, ABCG2 with IC₅₀ values of 3.0 μM and 1.4 μM, respectively^[1]^[2].

IC₅₀ & Target

IC50: 3 nM (hedgehog), 3.0 μM (P-gp), 1.4 μM (ABCG2)^[1]^[2]

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A549	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: VIS; GDC-0449	Antiproliferation activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferation activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32690258]
AN3-CA	IC₅₀	93 μM Compound: VIS; GDC-0449	Antiproliferation activity against human AN3CA cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hr by MTT assay Antiproliferation activity against human AN3CA cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hr by MTT assay	[PMID: 32690258]
BXPC-3	IC₅₀	47.95 μM Compound: 1; GDC-0449	Antiproliferative activity against human BxPC3 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay Antiproliferative activity against human BxPC3 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay	[PMID: 26820554]
C3H 10T1/2	EC₅₀	4.7 nM Compound: 1	Inhibition of SMO-mediated Hedgehog signaling pathway in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells assessed as reduction in sonic hedgehog-induced osteoblast differentiation by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity incubated for 72 hrs Inhibition of SMO-mediated Hedgehog signaling pathway in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells assessed as reduction in sonic hedgehog-induced osteoblast differentiation by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity incubated for 72 hrs	[PMID: 31862310]
C3H 10T1/2	IC₅₀	0.011 μM Compound: GDC-0449	Inhibition of SAG-induced differentiation of mouse mesenchymal pluripotent C3H10T1/2 cells to alkaline phosphatase positive oeseoblasts after 6 hrs Inhibition of SAG-induced differentiation of mouse mesenchymal pluripotent C3H10T1/2 cells to alkaline phosphatase positive oeseoblasts after 6 hrs	[PMID: 22268551]
C3H 10T1/2	IC₅₀	0.013 μM Compound: 31, GDC-0449	Inhibition of SHH in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells by Gli-luciferase reporter gene assay Inhibition of SHH in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells by Gli-luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 19716296]
C3H 10T1/2	IC₅₀	0.017 μM Compound: Vismodegib	Inhibition of hedgehog signalling in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells assessed as reduction in Smo agonist SAG induced cell differentiation into alkaline phosphatase-positive osteoblasts using pNp substrate incubated for 72 hrs Inhibition of hedgehog signalling in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells assessed as reduction in Smo agonist SAG induced cell differentiation into alkaline phosphatase-positive osteoblasts using pNp substrate incubated for 72 hrs	10.1039/C5MD00092K
C3H 10T1/2	IC₅₀	5 nM Compound: GDC-0449	Inhibition of Smo in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells using human recombinant SHH assessed as effect on SMO/SHH transient transcriptional activation after 20 hrs by Gli-luciferase reporter assay Inhibition of Smo in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells using human recombinant SHH assessed as effect on SMO/SHH transient transcriptional activation after 20 hrs by Gli-luciferase reporter assay	[PMID: 24900436]
CCRF-CEM	IC₅₀	58 μM Compound: 17	Antiproliferative activity against human CEM cells incubated for 96 hrs by Coulter counter method Antiproliferative activity against human CEM cells incubated for 96 hrs by Coulter counter method	[PMID: 32686940]
Daoy	IC₅₀	0.086 μM Compound: 1, GDC-0449	Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling in human DaOY cells assessed as downregulation of Gli1 mRNA expression after 48 hrs by RT-PCR analysis Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling in human DaOY cells assessed as downregulation of Gli1 mRNA expression after 48 hrs by RT-PCR analysis	[PMID: 24900716]
HEK293	IC₅₀	0.0051 μM Compound: 54	Displacement of BODIPY-cyclopamine from human Smo expressed in HEK293 cells incubated for 3 hrs by fluorescence competitive displacement assay Displacement of BODIPY-cyclopamine from human Smo expressed in HEK293 cells incubated for 3 hrs by fluorescence competitive displacement assay	10.1039/C6MD00020G
HEK293	IC₅₀	0.006 μM Compound: Vismodegib	Displacement of boron-dipyrromethene-cyclopamine from human smoothened receptor expressed in HEK293 cells incubated for 4 hrs by hSMO-BC binding assay Displacement of boron-dipyrromethene-cyclopamine from human smoothened receptor expressed in HEK293 cells incubated for 4 hrs by hSMO-BC binding assay	10.1039/C5MD00092K
HEK293	IC₅₀	7 nM Compound: GDC-0449	Displacement of BODIPY-labelled cyclopamine from human Smo receptor expressed in HEK293 cells after 2 hrs by fluorescence microscopy Displacement of BODIPY-labelled cyclopamine from human Smo receptor expressed in HEK293 cells after 2 hrs by fluorescence microscopy	[PMID: 22268551]
HeLa	EC₅₀	0.002 μM Compound: 1	Displacement of BODIPY-labeled cyclopamine from mouse SMO transfected in human HeLa cells by competition binding assay Displacement of BODIPY-labeled cyclopamine from mouse SMO transfected in human HeLa cells by competition binding assay	[PMID: 31862310]
HeLa	EC₅₀	0.003 μM Compound: 1	Displacement of BODIPY-labeled cyclopamine from human SMO transfected in human HeLa cells by competition binding assay Displacement of BODIPY-labeled cyclopamine from human SMO transfected in human HeLa cells by competition binding assay	[PMID: 31862310]
HeLa	IC₅₀	61.7 μM Compound: VIS; GDC-0449	Antiproliferation activity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferation activity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32690258]
HeLa	IC₅₀	64 μM Compound: 17	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells incubated for 4 days by Coulter counter method Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells incubated for 4 days by Coulter counter method	[PMID: 32686940]
HMEC-1	IC₅₀	41 μM Compound: 17	Growth inhibition of HMEC-1 incubated for 4 days by Coulter counter method Growth inhibition of HMEC-1 incubated for 4 days by Coulter counter method	[PMID: 32686940]
HT-1080	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: GDC-0449; 1	Antiproliferative activity against human HT1080 cells after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine-B assay Antiproliferative activity against human HT1080 cells after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine-B assay	[PMID: 30099257]
HT-29	IC₅₀	1.08 μM Compound: Vismodegib	Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	10.1039/C5MD00092K
L1210	IC₅₀	49 μM Compound: 17	Antiproliferative activity against mouse L1210 cells incubated for 48 hrs by Coulter counter method Antiproliferative activity against mouse L1210 cells incubated for 48 hrs by Coulter counter method	[PMID: 32686940]
LS174T	IC₅₀	45.81 μM Compound: 1; GDC-0449	Antiproliferative activity against human LS174T cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay Antiproliferative activity against human LS174T cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay	[PMID: 26820554]
LS180	IC₅₀	45 μM Compound: GDC-0449; 1	Antiproliferative activity against human LS180 cells after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine-B assay Antiproliferative activity against human LS180 cells after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine-B assay	[PMID: 30099257]
MCF-10A	IC₅₀	89.5 μM Compound: VIS; GDC-0449	Cytotoxicity against human MCF10A cells assessed as cell viability incubated for 72 hrs measured by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF10A cells assessed as cell viability incubated for 72 hrs measured by MTT assay	[PMID: 32690258]
MCF7	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: VIS; GDC-0449	Antiproliferation activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferation activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32690258]
MCF7	IC₅₀	>50 μM Compound: Vismodegib	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29107429]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: VIS; GDC-0449	Antiproliferation activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs measured after 4 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferation activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs measured after 4 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32690258]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	>50 μM Compound: Vismodegib	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29107429]
MDA-MB-468	IC₅₀	79 μM Compound: VIS; GDC-0449	Antiproliferation activity against human MDA-MB-468 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hr by MTT assay Antiproliferation activity against human MDA-MB-468 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hr by MTT assay	[PMID: 32690258]
Medulloblastoma cell	IC₅₀	30.4 nM Compound: 1; GDC-0449	Antiproliferative activity against Ptch+/- and p53-/- mouse medulloblastoma cells after 36 hrs by Brdu incorporation assay Antiproliferative activity against Ptch+/- and p53-/- mouse medulloblastoma cells after 36 hrs by Brdu incorporation assay	[PMID: 28688278]
Medulloblastoma cell	IC₅₀	4.7 nM Compound: GDC-0449	Antiproliferative activity against mouse Ptch+/- medulloblastoma cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 36 hrs by CCK-8 assay Antiproliferative activity against mouse Ptch+/- medulloblastoma cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 36 hrs by CCK-8 assay	[PMID: 30939349]
MGC-803	IC₅₀	2.39 μM Compound: Vismodegib	Antiproliferative activity against human MGC803 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MGC803 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	10.1039/C5MD00092K
NIH3T3	IC₅₀	0.023 μM Compound: GDC-0449	Inhibition of Smo receptor (unknown origin) expressed in NIH3T3 cells assessed as inhibition of Smo agonist SAG-induced GRE activation after 30 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay Inhibition of Smo receptor (unknown origin) expressed in NIH3T3 cells assessed as inhibition of Smo agonist SAG-induced GRE activation after 30 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 24726807]
NIH3T3	IC₅₀	0.025 μM Compound: 54	Inhibition of Hh receptor (unknown origin) expressed in SAG-stimulated mouse NIH3T3 cells incubated for 24 hrs by Gli-luciferase reporter gene assay Inhibition of Hh receptor (unknown origin) expressed in SAG-stimulated mouse NIH3T3 cells incubated for 24 hrs by Gli-luciferase reporter gene assay	10.1039/C6MD00020G
NIH3T3	IC₅₀	7.17 nM Compound: GDC-0449	Inhibition of hedgehog receptor signaling pathway in mouse NIH3T3 cells transfected with Gli-reporter gene by luciferase reporter gene assay Inhibition of hedgehog receptor signaling pathway in mouse NIH3T3 cells transfected with Gli-reporter gene by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 24923765]
NIH3T3	IC₅₀	7.2 nM Compound: 1; GDC-0449	Inhibition of Sonic-induced hedgehog signalling in mouse NIH3T3 cells after 48 hrs by Gli-luciferase reporter assay Inhibition of Sonic-induced hedgehog signalling in mouse NIH3T3 cells after 48 hrs by Gli-luciferase reporter assay	[PMID: 26820554]
NIH3T3	IC₅₀	7.2 nM Compound: 1; GDC-0449	Inhibition of hedgehog signalling in mouse NIH3T3 cells stably transfected with Gli-luciferase construct incubated for 48 hrs by dual luciferase reporter gene assay Inhibition of hedgehog signalling in mouse NIH3T3 cells stably transfected with Gli-luciferase construct incubated for 48 hrs by dual luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 26827136]
NIH3T3	IC₅₀	7.2 nM Compound: GDC, GDC-0449	Inhibition of hedgehog signaling pathway in mouse NIH/3T3 cells by Gli1-luciferase reporter gene assay Inhibition of hedgehog signaling pathway in mouse NIH/3T3 cells by Gli1-luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 24405704]
NIH3T3	IC₅₀	7.2 nM Compound: GDC-0449	Inhibition of hedgehog signaling pathway in mouse NIH/3T3 cells after 48 hrs by Gli-luciferase reporter gene assay Inhibition of hedgehog signaling pathway in mouse NIH/3T3 cells after 48 hrs by Gli-luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 24486203]
NIH3T3	IC₅₀	7.2 nM Compound: GDC-0449, vismodegib	Inhibition of SHH signaling pathway in mouse NIH3T3 cells measured after 48 hrs by Gli-luciferase reporter assay Inhibition of SHH signaling pathway in mouse NIH3T3 cells measured after 48 hrs by Gli-luciferase reporter assay	[PMID: 24176396]
PC-3	IC₅₀	>50 μM Compound: Vismodegib	Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29107429]
PC-3	IC₅₀	66.78 μM Compound: 1; GDC-0449	Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay	[PMID: 26820554]
Shh Light II	IC₅₀	0.007 μM Compound: GDC-0449	Inhibition of Smo-mediated Hh signaling in human Shh-light2 cells by luciferase reporter gene assay Inhibition of Smo-mediated Hh signaling in human Shh-light2 cells by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 22268551]
Shh Light II	IC₅₀	1.5 nM Compound: GDC-0449	Antagonist activity at Smo in mouse Shh-Light 2 cells assessed as inhibition of Shh-induced Gli1-reporter activity after 2 days by dual-luciferase reporter gene method Antagonist activity at Smo in mouse Shh-Light 2 cells assessed as inhibition of Shh-induced Gli1-reporter activity after 2 days by dual-luciferase reporter gene method	[PMID: 23063522]
Shh Light II	IC₅₀	3 nM Compound: 101, GDC-0449	Inhibition of SHH in mouse Shh Light2 cells by GLI-responsive firefly luciferase reporter gene assay Inhibition of SHH in mouse Shh Light2 cells by GLI-responsive firefly luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 19309080]
Shh Light II	IC₅₀	33 nM Compound: GDC-0449	Antagonist activity at smoothened (unknown origin) expressed in mouse Shh Light2 cells co-expressing Gli-dependent reporter gene assessed as inhibition of Hh signaling by dual luciferase reporter gene assay Antagonist activity at smoothened (unknown origin) expressed in mouse Shh Light2 cells co-expressing Gli-dependent reporter gene assessed as inhibition of Hh signaling by dual luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 24491459]
SW-620	IC₅₀	10.92 μM Compound: Vismodegib	Antiproliferative activity against human SW620 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human SW620 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	10.1039/C5MD00092K
T47D	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: VIS; GDC-0449	Antiproliferation activity against human T47D cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hr by MTT assay Antiproliferation activity against human T47D cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hr by MTT assay	[PMID: 32690258]
T47D	IC₅₀	41.34 μM Compound: Vismodegib	Cytotoxicity against human T47D cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human T47D cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29107429]
U-251	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: VIS; GDC-0449	Antiproliferation activity against human U251 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferation activity against human U251 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32690258]
U2OS	IC₅₀	74 nM Compound: GDC-0449	Displacement of BODIPY-Cyclopamine from human HA-tagged Smo receptor expressed in human U2OS cells at 1 to 10000 nM incubated for 2 hrs by DAPI staining based fluorescence microscopic method Displacement of BODIPY-Cyclopamine from human HA-tagged Smo receptor expressed in human U2OS cells at 1 to 10000 nM incubated for 2 hrs by DAPI staining based fluorescence microscopic method	[PMID: 30939349]

In Vitro

Vismodegib (HhAntag691) is an ABCG2 inhibitor and can increase the effective intracellular concentration of NSC 279836, another ABCG2 substrate, through blocking its export in HEK293 cells. Vismodegib (HhAntag691, 10 μM), resensitizes MDCKII/Pgp cells and MDCKII/MRP1 cells to NSC757 treatment^[2].
Vismodegib (25 μM or 50 μM) concentration-dependently inhibits HCC and H1339 cells^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Vismodegib (0.3 to 75 mg/kg, p.o.) is highly efficacious in medulloblastoma allograft tumors. Vismodegib (> 46 mg/kg, p.o.) causes growth delay in patient-derived colorectal xenografts^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Essai clinique

Masse moléculaire

421.30

Formule

C₁₉H₁₄Cl₂N₂O₃S

CAS No.

879085-55-9

Appearance

Solid

Color

Off-white to light yellow

SMILES

O=C(C1=CC=C(C=C1Cl)S(=O)(C)=O)NC2=CC=C(C(C3=NC=CC=C3)=C2)Cl

Livraison

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Stockage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	1 year
	-20°C	6 months

Solvant et solubilité

In Vitro:

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (118.68 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Ethanol : 3.33 mg/mL (7.90 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	2.3736 mL	11.8680 mL	23.7361 mL
5 mM	0.4747 mL	2.3736 mL	4.7472 mL
10 mM	0.2374 mL	1.1868 mL	2.3736 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.93 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (5.93 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic and warming

This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.93 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Pureté et documentation

Purity: 99.97%

Fiche technique (281 KB) SDS (419 KB)

COA (249 KB) HNMR (217 KB) LCMS (139 KB) Elemental Analysis Report (107 KB)

Instruction de manipulation (2659 KB)

Références

[1]. Scales SJ, et al. Mechanisms of Hedgehog pathway activation in cancer and implications for therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2009, 30(6), 303-312. [Content Brief]

[2]. Zhang Y, et al. Hedgehog pathway inhibitor HhAntag691 is a potent inhibitor of ABCG2/BCRP and ABCB1/Pgp. Neoplasia. 2009, 11(1), 96-101. [Content Brief]

[3]. Tian F, et al. The hedgehog pathway inhibitor GDC-0449 alters intracellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis and inhibits cell growth in NSC 119875-resistant lung cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 2012, 32(1), 89-94. [Content Brief]

[4]. Wong H, et al. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis of vismodegib in preclinical models of mutational and ligand-dependent Hedgehog pathway activation. Clin Cancer Res. 2011, 17(14), 4682-4692. [Content Brief]

[5]. Elhenawy AA, et al. Possible antifibrotic effect of GDC-0449 (Vismodegib), a hedgehog-pathway inhibitor, in mice model of Schistosoma-induced liver fibrosis. Parasitol Int. 2017 Oct;66(5):545-554. [Content Brief]

[6]. Ma W, et al. Reduced Smoothened level rescued Aβ-induced memory deficits and neuronal inflammation in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. J Genet Genomics. 2018 May 20;45(5):237-246. [Content Brief]

[7]. Xing G, et al. Astrocytic Sonic Hedgehog Alleviates Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Brain Injury via Modulation of Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity. Front Cell Neurosci. 2020 Dec 3;14:575690. [Content Brief]

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