Cytokeratin 5 is an intermediate filament protein of 58 kD molecular weight within the cytokeratin family. It is a type II (basic) cytokeratin. Antibodies to this protein identify basal cells of squamous and glandular epithelia, myoepithelia, and mesothelium.Anti-cytokeratin 5 has been useful in the differential diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma in the pleura versus epithelioid mesothelioma. Epithelioid mesotheliomas are strongly positive in all cases, but up to 11% of pulmonary adenocarinomas will show focal immunostaining. Almost all squamous cell carcinomas, half of transitional carcinomas, and many undifferentiated large cell carcinomas immunostain with anti-CK 5. Anti-CK 5, along with anti-p63, affords a high sensitivity and specificity for squamous differentiation. Myoepithelial cells of the breast, glandular epithelia, and basal cells of the prostate are labeled with anti-CK 5. This antibody, along with anti-CK 14, has found application in identifying basal-like breast carcinoma, a tumor with poor prognosis. Some carcinomas of ovarian origin may display anti-CK 5 positivity.
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