Bac-Off® Tonic for antibiotic treatment of media

This product was developed to address the problem of bacteria in cell culture. Cells have, as a natural and normal part of their constitutive programming, the ability to enclose bacteria adherent to their luminal surface in membrane, and sink them into the cytoplasm. Cells containing bac-vacuoles at high multiplicities are adversely affected. The eventual release of even a single viable bacterium from sequestration has predictable and dismal consequences. Bac-Off® is formulated at MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) to inhibit the growth of most bacterial agents and control contamination in cell culture, without harming the cells. This quinolone antibiotic interferes with the chromosomal breakage-reunion reaction of bacterial gyrase and human topoisomerase II. Bacterial replication is coupled with and dependent on chromosomal replication, with as many as several waves of chromosomal replication present in log cultures. In the presence of Bac-Off® at MIC dosage, bugs are unable to relax replication supercoiling and are kicked into a prolonged G2 shunt. As a practical matter, bacteria released into the medium will be washed away during routine feeding operations.

Dosage of Bac-Off® was established by identifying the MIC for bacteria and the toxicity dosage for human microvascular cells. Nearly twenty-five individual isolates of ACBRI Primary Human Microvascular cells have been probed to date. Results indicate that the effective MIC is 2µg/mL and that visible toxicity is not encountered until levels exceed ~10µg/mL.

Store Bac-Off® at -20°C until ready to use. Add 1mL of Bac-Off® to each 500mL of medium. If an entire 500mL unit of Cell Systems medium will not be used within 30 days, activate the medium with growth supplement and Bac-Off®, then aliquot and freeze in smaller units which will be used within 30 days (store at 2-8°C).

Cell Systems media and reagents are sterile, made with WFI, and all components are cGMP and ISO Compliant.

Additional Information

Bac-Off® is delivered as a 500X concentrate which, at working strength (1:500 v/v dilution in complete medium) exhibits Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) according to standard protocols against the listed species of microorganism.

Bac-Off® may also be used at double working strength (1:250 v/v) at which concentration it exhibits Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), which generally does not exceed the MIC by more than a factor of 2.

Bac-Off® may also be used at ten times working strength (1:50 v/v) at which concentration it exhibits mycoplasmacidal properties. This dosage is well tolerated by most mammalian cells in vitro for short periods of time.

Bac-Off® contains the synthetic fluoroquinone Ciprofloxacin, with a wide range of in vitro activity against a wide range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms.

Active against the following microorganisms:

Bacillus fragilis
Clostridium difficile
Staphylococcus spp.
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Staphylococcus hominis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Haemophilus influenzae
Haemophilus parainfluenzae
Enterococcus faecalis
Escherichia coli
Enterobacter spp.
Enterobacter cloacae
Enterobacter aerogenes
Citrobacter spp.
Citrobacter diversus
Citrobacter freundii
Klebsiella spp.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Klebsiella oxytoca
Moraxella catarrhalis
Morganella morganii
Proteus spp.
Proteus mirabilis
Proteus vulgaris
Providencia Spp.
Providencia stuartii
Providencia rettgeri
Serratia marcescens
Acinetobacter Lwoffii
Aeromonas hydrophilia
Campyhlobacter jejuni
Edwardsiella tarda
Legionella pneumophilia
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Salmonella spp.
Salmonella enteritidis
Salmonella typhii
Shigella spp.
Shigella dysenteriae
Shigella boydii
Shigella flexneri
Shigella sonnei
Vibrio spp.
Vibrio Cholerae
Vibrio vulnificus
Yersinia spp.
Yersinia enterocolitica
Yersinia pestis
Bacillus anthracis

The mechanism of action of Bac-Off® is distinct from that of penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and tetracyclines. There are no reported instances of cross-resistance between Bac-Off® and other classes of antimicrobials. The inoculum size has little effect when tested in vitro.

The bacteriostastic (“working strength” 1:500) and bacteriocidal (“double strength” 1:250) activity of Bac-Off® results from inhibition of the bacterial enzymes topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV. These enzymes are necessary for bacterial replication, transcription, and repair. Mammalian topoisomerases are not affected by Bac-Off® at less than 7-10-fold working strength. This is a much wider gap between the dosage active against bacterial growth and the dosage toxic to mammalian cells than all other commonly used antibiotic classes.

Bac-Off® is stable for at least six months at refrigerator temperatures, and may be frozen (<-20°C) one time without loss of activity. No special precautions are necessary for disposal of Bac-Off® solutions at working or double strength.

Companion Products

Passage Reagent Group™

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Cell Freezing Medium

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Citations

"Improvement in diabetic retinopathy through protection against retinal apoptosis in spontaneously diabetic Torii rats mediated by ethanol extract of Osteomeles schwerinae C.K. Schneid" Kim, Kim, Kim et al. Nutrients, 2019
"SiRNA silencing of VEGF, IGFs, and their receptors in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells" Nicolau et al. American J Transitional Research, 2018
"The expression of retinal micro RNA evoked by hyperglycemia and after adiponectin treatment in human retinal endothelial cells" Al-Sadeq (Dissertation) 2018
"MnTBAP or catalase Is more protective against oxidative stress in human retinal endothelial cells exposed to Intermittent hypoxia than their co-administration" Quan et al. Reactive Oxygen Species, 2017
"Contacting co-culture of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells alters barrier function of human embryonic stem cell derived retinal pigment epithelial cells" Skottman et al. Experimental Cell Research, 2017

"Association of HMGB1 with oxidative stress markers and regulators in PDR" Abu El-Asrar and Alam et al. Molecular Vision, 2017
"Shiga toxin mediated neruologic changes in murine model of disease" Pradhan et al. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2016
"Automated image analysis and spatial computational modeling of NF-kB in cerebrovascular endothelial cells" Catalfomo (Dissertation) 2016.
"The effects of cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 expression in the uptake of Escherichia coli K1 by macrophages and the onset of meningitis in newborn mice" Chang et al, Virulence, 2016
"Reduction in cardiolipin decreases mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity and increases glucose transport into and across human brain cerebral microvascular endothelial cells" Nguyen et al, J Neurochemistry, 2016.
"The contribution of toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy in human microvascular retinal endothelial cells in vitro" Mohammed (Dissertation), 2016.
"Effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated by hyperglycemia on barrier function in retinal cells" Saif (Dissertation) 2016

"Optimization of an in vitro human blood–brain barrier model: Application to blood monocyte transmigration assays" Paradis et al. MethodsX, 2015
"Serotype O18 avian pathogenic and neonatal meningitis Escherichia coli strains employ similar pathogenic strategies for the onset of meningitis" Krishnan et al. Virulence, 2015
"Angiotensin-(1-7) counteracts angiotensin II-induced dysfunction in cerebral endothelial cells via modulating Nox2/ROS and PI3K/NO pathways" Xiao et al. Science Direct, 2015
"Deletion of SPARC enhances retinal vaso-obliteration in mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy" Sobeih et al. HSOA Journal of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research, 2014
"Gas6 stimulates angiogenesis of human retinal endothelial cells and of zebrafish embryos via ERK1/2 signaling" Kim et al. PLoS One, 2014
"S100A4 is upregulated in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and correlates with markers of angiogenesis and fibrogenesis" Abu El-Asrar et al. Molecular Vision, 2014
"Optical recording reveals novel properties of GSK1016790A-induced vanilloid transient receptor potential channel TRPV4 activity in primary human endothelial cells" Sullivan et al. Molecular Pharmacology, 2012
"High-glucose-induced endothelial cell injury is inhibited by a peptide derived from human apolipoprotein E." Bhattacharjee et al. PLoS One, 2012
"P-glycoprotein is a major determinant of norbuprenorphine brain exposure and antinociception" Brown et al. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2012
"Soluble aggregates of the amyloid-beta are trapped by serum albumin to enhance amyloid-beta activation of endothelial cells" Moss et al. Journal of Biological Engineering, 2009

Cell Freezing Medium

Referentie 4Z0-705

Merk : Cell Systems Corporation

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