1. Study provides new insights into the role of CNTF on the migration of corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cells and its inherent mechanism of up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases through the Akt signaling pathway.
2. data suggest that All-trans retinoic acid administration upregulates CNTF expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells.
3. Our data reveal that haematopoietic cell-derived CNTF has roles in regulating BM B cell lymphopoiesis and both trabecular and cortical bone, the latter in a sex-dependent manner.
4. CNTF is upregulated in the corticospinal tract after unilateral pyramidotomy, which likely triggers sprouting of uninjured axons.
5. Results suggest that slowly up-regulated CNTF in the subventricular zone mediates stroke-induced neurogenesis and is counteracted by inflammation
6. Ciliary neurotrophic factor activation of astrocytes decreases spreading depolarization susceptibility and increases potassium clearance
7. STAT3 can activate CNTF transcription because it bound to its promoter and FAK antagonist-induced CNTF was reduced by blocking STAT3.
8. data indicate that muscle cells secrete abundant TIMP-1, MCP-1, and CNTF, and that of these, only CNTF has the ability to suppress osteoblast function and gene expression in a similar manner to myotube-conditioned medium
9. Report intravitreal transplantations of modified neural stem cells as cell based delivery system for CNTF in mouse model of photoreceptor degeneration.
10. CNTF activates hypothalamic urocortin 1-expressing neurons both in vitro and in vivo.
11. CNTF may play a role in the process of remyelination by inducing the MOG expression.
12. Data indicate that aspirin increased mRNA and protein expression of CNTF in primary mouse and human astrocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
13. These studies demonstrate that endogenous CNTF and LIF act centrally to protect axons from acute inflammatory destruction via an oligodendrocyte-independent mechanism.
14. Both CNTF and its receptor, CNTF-Ralpha, are expressed in skeletal muscle.
15. study observed that CNTF increased the number of IFN-gamma producing CD4 T cells results indicate CNTF activates the same tripartite receptors in mouse and human cells
16. CNTF acts as a chemoattractant and participates in the recruitment of endogenous progenitors during myelin repair
17. Contact-mediated integrin signaling between neurons and astrocytes normally represses CNTF expression; neuronal dysfunction causes a rapid protective response by the brain in stroke.
18. results demonstrate that endogenous CNTF in the CNS is a pivotal regulator of depressive-like and anxiety-like behavior via effects on GABAergic neurons and associated serotonergic neurotransmission.
19. CNTF decreased TH enzyme levels, thereby increasing the specific activity of the enzyme
20. In the retina of CNTF(-/-) mice, basal GFAP expression was reduced, but unexpectedly, injury-induced upregulation in activated Muller cells was increased during the first 3 days after lesion.
21. CNTF is expressed locally in bone and plays a unique role in female mice as an inhibitor of trabecular bone formation and in male mice as a stimulus of cortical growth.
22. These findings indicate that CNTF is necessary for a sprouting response and thus enhances the size of motor units in skeletal muscles of mouse model of type III/IV spinal muscular atrophy.
23. CNTF-immunoreactive astrocytes were exclusively found in white matter structures. CNTF receptor alpha-expressing astrocytes were found in gray matter areas.
24. a major protective factor in demyelinating CNS disease; a neurotrophic cytokine as modulator in neuroinflammation
25. Astroglial expression of the P-glycoprotein is controlled by intracellular CNTF
26. CNTF affects adipocyte gene expression, and the specific receptor for this cytokine is induced in rodent models of obesity/type II diabetes
27. CNTF is an important cytokine in demyelinating disease and as an upstream regulator of FGF-2 production in astrocytes during early remyelination.
28. CNTF is required for the development and maintenance of the mature astrocyte phenotype and is part of the complex regulatory network modulating lesional glial reactivity after optic nerve injury
29. In ciliary neurotrophic factor lacZ-knock-in mice, reactivity is found in ensheathing cells of the olfactory nerve layer, and in cells of the glomerular, external plexiform and granular layers of the olfactory bulb.
30. In CNTF(-/-) mouse mutants, activation of STAT3 signaling was delayed by 10-12 hours in animals with facial nerve lesions. Application of CNTF to the transected nerve restored rapid STAT3 activation in CNTF-deficient animals.
31. Endogenous CNTF regulates adult neurogenesis by increasing proliferation of neural stem cells and/or precursors. Alternatively, CNTF could maintain cells longer in the S-phase
32. CNTF-CNTFRalpha activates the JAK/STAT pathway leading to enhanced Cx43 expression and intercellular coupling
33. The evidence was provided for a role of CNTF in the selective modulation of adipocyte endocrine function which may have important implications for the regulation of energy homeostasis.
34. We have analyzed the target cell types and signaling events for CNTF in the developing retina.
35. demonstrate a novel region-specific role for CNTF/leukemia inhibitory factor/gp130 signaling in the development of the germinal layers of the embryonic telencephalon
36. In cntf/lif/ct-1 triple-knock-out mice, various degrees of muscle fiber type grouping are found, showing that denervation & reinnervation had occurred. CNTF, LIF, & CT-1 have distinct functions for motoneuron survival and function.
37. Disruption of CNTF by mediators of oxidative stress may contribute to the neuronal damage observed in neurodegenerative diseases and significantly affect the utility of CNTF-like factors as therapeutic agents in preventing nerve cell death.
38. results suggest that CNTF can rapidly decrease muscle Ca2+ channel currents by promoting inactivation, probably through an intracellular PKC-dependent mechanism
39. CNTF(Ax15) bypasses diet-induced leptin resistance to reduce hypothalamic AMPK activity
40. Results indicate that Sox10 is necessary and sufficient for regulating ciliary neurotrophic factor expression in the peripheral nervous system.
41. Three-dimensional reconstructions of CNTF-immunoreactive axonal bulbar projections of these neurons revealed an ordered bilaterally symmetric pattern.
42. CNTF/leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathway acts via regulation of nitric oxide production to modulate developmental programmed cell death of postmitotic rod precursor cells.
43. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) elicits robust but primarily intraterminal sprouting confined to the endplate region and contributing little to synapse formation.
44. Co-administration of ciliary neurotrophic factor with its soluble receptor protects against neuronal death and enhances neurite outgrowth.
45. Continuous expression of striatal ciliary neurotrophic factor is detrimental to Huntington's and wild-type mice, causing abnormal behavior in wild-type mice.
46. Ciliary neurotrophic factor mediates dopamine D2 receptor-induced CNS neurogenesis in adult mice.
47. In vivo and in vitro experiments implicate CNTF as an endogenous regulatory component of dopamine D2-receptor-dependent neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. (Review)
48. Deletion of the mouse RegIIIbeta (Reg2) gene disrupts ciliary neurotrophic factor signaling and delays myelination of mouse cranial motor neurons
49. Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus depends on ciliary neurotrophic factor and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling.
50. Data demonstrate that CNTF is a potent axon growth-promoting factor for mature retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and that exogenously applied CNTF stimulates RGCs indirectly via a mechanism that depends on astrocyte-derived CNTF.

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