A β-lactam antibiotic with an amino group side chain attached to the penicillin structure, 6-amino-penicillanic acid. A semi-synthetic penicillin derivative that inhibits bacterial cell-wall synthesis (peptidoglycan cross-linking) by inactivating transpeptidases on the inner surface of the bacterial cell membrane. Bactericidal only to growing Escherichia coli. Resistance is mediated by cleavage of β-lactam ring of ampicillin by β-lactamase. More active against Gram-negative bacteria. Recommended for antibacterial use in cell culture media and selection of resistant bacteria. Used as a selective agent for plasmid transformation such as pBR322 and pUC derivatives.

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