Apocynin is a selective NADPH-oxidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 10 μM. Apocynin improves acute lung inflammation in Carrageenan (HY-125474)-induced pleurisy mice model. Apocynin can also be used for cancer research. Apocynin reverses the aging process in mesenchymal stem cells to promote osteogenesis and increases bone mass.
Nos produits utilisent uniquement pour la recherche. Nous ne vendons pas aux patients.
Apocynin Chemical Structure
CAS No. : 498-02-2
This product is a controlled substance and not for sale in your territory.
Based on 17 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Other Forms of Apocynin:
Apocynin-d3
Obtenir un devis
Apocynin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in:
Free Radic Biol Med. 2021 Mar 16;S0891-5849(21)00113-1.
[Abstract]
Western Blots show that ZO-1 is significantly recovered with pretreatment of Apocynin and pathway inhibitors compared with CCL8 treatment alone. The result shows that with pretreatment of Apocynin, the increased phosphorylation p65 level induced by CCL8 is significantly weakened.
DPH oxidase inhibitor attenuates TSH-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs. NADPH oxidase inhibitor (Apocynin, 100 μM) is used to confirm the effects of NADPH oxidase activation in TSH-induced intracellular oxidative stress.
Powered by Bioz
See more details on Bioz
Description
Apocynin is a selective NADPH-oxidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 10 μM[1][2]. Apocynin improves acute lung inflammation in Carrageenan (HY-125474)-induced pleurisy mice model[3]. Apocynin can also be used for cancer research[4]. Apocynin reverses the aging process in mesenchymal stem cells to promote osteogenesis and increases bone mass[5].
In Vitro
Apocynin (100 μM; 1-7, 14 days) shows a significant increase in the expression level of an osteogenic marker in the aging BMSCs after osteogenic induction[3].
Apocynin (1, 10, 100 μM, 0-48h ) has selective inhibition the proliferation and adhesion to fibronectin of v-H-ras-transformed 3Y1 cells[4].
Apocynin (1, 10, 100 μM; 3, 6, 12 h) decreases the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in HR-3Y1-2 but not 3Y1 cells. [4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Apocynin Related Antibodies
Western Blot Analysis[3]
Cell Line:
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs)
Concentration:
100 μM
Incubation Time:
1-7,14 days
Result:
Increased the expression levels of the “stemness markers” Nanog and Oct-4.
Decreased the expression levels of p53, p21 and p16 at both the mRNA level and protein level.
Increased the expression of sox-2 and klf-4 by 82.4% and 38.7%, respectively, compared with the negative control group.
Reduced the expression of NADPH oxidase by 66.5% compared with the negative control.
Had no change in the cell cycle or proliferation.
Ddecreased the percentage of SA-β –gal-positive (green-stained) cells was by 42.5%.
Increased the expression levels of four pivotal osteogenic markers (Runx2, OSX, Ocn, and Col1).
Cell Proliferation Assay[4]
Cell Line:
HR-3Y1-2, 3Y1 cells
Concentration:
0, 1, 10, or 100 μM
Incubation Time:
48h
Result:
Inhibited the proliferation of HR-3Y1-2 but not 3Y1 cells at 10μM and 100μM.
RT-PCR[3]
Cell Line:
HR-3Y1-2, 3Y1 cells
Concentration:
0, 1, 10, or 100 μM
Incubation Time:
24, 36, 48 h
Result:
Selectively down-regulated 1-integrin cell surface expression on the HR-3Y1-2 cells.
Decreased adhesion of HR-3Y1-2 cells to fibronectin-coated plates.
In Vivo
Apocynin (0.1 mg/kg/day, i.p., three times per week for 3 months) increases bone mineral density and total bone volume in SAMP6 mice[3].
Apocynin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) reduces the degree of lung injury and attenuates the degree of acute inflammation in the Carrageenan (HY-125474)-induced pleurisy mice[5].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Animal Model:
SAMP6 mouse model (Pharmacokinetic assay)[3]
Dosage:
0.1 mg/kg/day
Administration:
Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.), three times per week, for 3 months
Result:
Showed a higher bone value and exhibited a lower percentage of SA-β -gal positive cells than the control group.
Increased the expression of Ki67 and Oct-4 mRNA.
Altered the osteoblast-osteoclast balance in bone and promoted the activity of osteoblasts.
Animal Model:
Carrageenan (HY-125474)-induced pleurisy in male adult CD1 mice [5]
Dosage:
5 mg/kg
Administration:
Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)
Result:
Blocked NADPH oxidase activation and attenuated neutrophil infiltration and lipid peroxidation in the lung tissue.
Reduced the degree of PARP activation and the degree of IL-1b expression.
Prevented carrageenan-induced IkB-a degradation and reduced the levels of NF-kB p65.
Attenuated this iNOS expression,reduced the degree of positive staining for Fas ligand in the lung tissues.
Inhibited cells apoptosis in carrageenan-treated mice.
Prevented Bax expression and reduced the degree of positive staining for Bax.
Attenuated carrageenan-induced inhibition of Bcl-2 expression and the loss of positive staining for Bcl-2 in mice subjected to carrageenan-induced pleurisy.
Reduced the level of pERK1/2 and p38 expression.
Essai clinique
Masse moléculaire
166.17
Formule
C9H10O3
CAS No.
498-02-2
Appearance
Solid
Color
Off-white to gray
SMILES
CC(C1=CC=C(O)C(OC)=C1)=O
Structure Classification
Phenols
Monophenols
Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids
Initial Source
Plants
Orchidaceae
Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl.
Microorganisms
Livraison
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Stockage
Powder
-20°C
3 years
4°C
2 years
In solvent
-80°C
2 years
-20°C
1 year
Solvant et solubilité
In Vitro:
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (601.79 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 3.33 mg/mL (20.04 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)
*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Preparing Stock Solutions
ConcentrationSolventMass
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
1 mM
6.0179 mL
30.0897 mL
60.1793 mL
5 mM
1.2036 mL
6.0179 mL
12.0359 mL
10 mM
0.6018 mL
3.0090 mL
6.0179 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
*Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
*
Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution,
then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day. The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Protocol 1
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μLDMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μLDMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μLCorn oil, and mix evenly.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
Dosage
mg/kg
Animal weight (per animal)
g
Dosing volume (per animal)
μL
Number of animals
Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO+
%
+
%
Tween-80
+
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO,
. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
, Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration:
mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution:
mg
drug dissolved in
μL
DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take
μL DMSO stock solution, add
μL .
μL , mix evenly, next add
μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add
μL Saline.
Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution
If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
[3]. Sun J, et.al. Apocynin suppression of NADPH oxidase reverses the aging process in mesenchymal stem cells to promote osteogenesis and increase bone mass. Sci Rep. 2015 Dec 21;5:18572.
[Content Brief]
[4]. Yamasaki M, et.al. Selective inhibition by apocynin of the proliferation and adhesion to fibronectin of v-H-ras-transformed 3Y1 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2012;76(6):1177-81.
[Content Brief]
[5]. Impellizzeri D et al. Effect of apocynin, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, on acute lung inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol. 2011 Mar 1;81(5):636-48.
[Content Brief]
[1]. Stefanska J, et al. Mediators Inflamm, 2008, 106507.
[3]. Sun J, et.al. Apocynin suppression of NADPH oxidase reverses the aging process in mesenchymal stem cells to promote osteogenesis and increase bone mass. Sci Rep. 2015 Dec 21;5:18572.
[4]. Yamasaki M, et.al. Selective inhibition by apocynin of the proliferation and adhesion to fibronectin of v-H-ras-transformed 3Y1 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2012;76(6):1177-81.
[5]. Impellizzeri D et al. Effect of apocynin, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, on acute lung inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol. 2011 Mar 1;81(5):636-48.
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
*Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Optional Solvent
ConcentrationSolventMass
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
25 mg
H2O / DMSO
1 mM
6.0179 mL
30.0897 mL
60.1793 mL
150.4483 mL
5 mM
1.2036 mL
6.0179 mL
12.0359 mL
30.0897 mL
10 mM
0.6018 mL
3.0090 mL
6.0179 mL
15.0448 mL
15 mM
0.4012 mL
2.0060 mL
4.0120 mL
10.0299 mL
20 mM
0.3009 mL
1.5045 mL
3.0090 mL
7.5224 mL
DMSO
25 mM
0.2407 mL
1.2036 mL
2.4072 mL
6.0179 mL
30 mM
0.2006 mL
1.0030 mL
2.0060 mL
5.0149 mL
40 mM
0.1504 mL
0.7522 mL
1.5045 mL
3.7612 mL
50 mM
0.1204 mL
0.6018 mL
1.2036 mL
3.0090 mL
60 mM
0.1003 mL
0.5015 mL
1.0030 mL
2.5075 mL
80 mM
0.0752 mL
0.3761 mL
0.7522 mL
1.8806 mL
100 mM
0.0602 mL
0.3009 mL
0.6018 mL
1.5045 mL
*
Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution,
then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Apocynin Related Classifications
Help & FAQs
Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.
Telefone : +1 850 650 7790