Reagentes e instrumentos para imunologia, biologia celular e biologia molecular.

Folic acid [59-30-3]

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Referência HY-16637-500mg

Tamanho : 500mg

Marca : MedChemExpress

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Description

Folic acid (Vitamin B9) is a orally active essential nutrient from the B complex group of vitamins. Folic acid shows antidepressant-like effect. Folic acid sodium reduces the risk of neonatal neural tube defects. Folic acid can be used to the research of megaloblastic and macrocytic anemias due to folic deficiency^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4].

IC₅₀ & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

Microbial Metabolite

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
K562	IC₅₀	290 μM Compound: folate	Ability to inhibit thymidylate synthase derived from human leukemia K562 cells Ability to inhibit thymidylate synthase derived from human leukemia K562 cells	[PMID: 3470522]
KB	IC₅₀	0.5 μM Compound: folic acid	Photocytotoxicity against human KB cells overexpressing folate receptor assessed as cell viability incubated for 24 hrs followed by halogen light illumination measured after 20 mins by MTT assay Photocytotoxicity against human KB cells overexpressing folate receptor assessed as cell viability incubated for 24 hrs followed by halogen light illumination measured after 20 mins by MTT assay	[PMID: 24088087]
L1210	IC₅₀	>10 mM Compound: Folic acid	Inhibitory activity against growth of L1210 leukemia cells in culture Inhibitory activity against growth of L1210 leukemia cells in culture	[PMID: 1560436]
L1210	IC₅₀	>0.001 M Compound: table II	Inhibitory activity against thymidylate synthase in the intact L1210 cells Inhibitory activity against thymidylate synthase in the intact L1210 cells	[PMID: 3100797]
L1210	IC₅₀	0.00018 M Compound: table II	Inhibitory activity against the thymidylate synthase in the Permeabilized L1210 cells Inhibitory activity against the thymidylate synthase in the Permeabilized L1210 cells	[PMID: 3100797]
L1210	IC₅₀	0.18 mM Compound: table II	Inhibitory activity against the thymidylate synthase in the Permeabilized L1210 cells Inhibitory activity against the thymidylate synthase in the Permeabilized L1210 cells	[PMID: 3100797]
MOLT-4	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: Folic acid	Compound was evaluated for inhibition of MTX influx into MOLT-4 cells Compound was evaluated for inhibition of MTX influx into MOLT-4 cells	[PMID: 1895294]

In Vitro

Folic acid plays a critical role in the prevention of chromosome breakage and hypomethylation of DNA^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Note:
Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.

Folic acid can be used to induce acute kidney injury models. In rats, oral administration results in an AUC of 1.4 μg h/mL, with an oral bioavailability of 35%^[5].

Induction of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)^[6]

Background

Folic acid metabolism requires higher levels of NADPH to reduce folate to THF decreasing the antioxidant defense. The redox imbalance generated by folic acid metabolism is one of the main mechanisms involved in renal damage.

Specific Modeling Methods

Rat: Wistar • male
Administration: 300mg/ml • i.p. • single dose

Note

(1) Intraperitoneal injection 300 mg/kg folic acid (dissolved in 300 mM NaHCO) in male Wistar rats with an initial body weight between 230 to 250 g.
(2) Plasma was collected and analyzed at days 2, 4, 7, 14 and 28 after folic acid administration.

Modeling Indicators

Metabolic changes : Assessment of renal injury by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and plasma creatinine.
Individual phenotypic change: The ratio of kidney weight to total rat weight was detected.

Correlated Product(s): Acetylcysteine (HY-B0215)

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	30-40 g swiss mice^[2]
Dosage:	10, 50, 100 mg/kg
Administration:	Oral administration
Result:	Decreased the immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST) (F₃₂₄=11.21) and produced a significant effect in the immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST) (F_3,20=5.71).

Animal Model:	30-40 g swiss mice^[2]
Dosage:	1-10 nmol/site
Administration:	Intracerebroventrical injection
Result:	Decreased the immobility time of mice in the FST (F_3,22=12.31) and TST (F_3,22=5.50).

Animal Model:	Virgin female Wistar rats^[3]
Dosage:	1, 5 mg/kg (180 g/kg protein with 1 mg/kg folic acid or 90 g/kg casein with 1, 5 mg/kg folic acid)
Administration:	Oral administration
Result:	Prevented epigenetic modification of hepatic gene expression in the offspring.

Essai clinique

Masse moléculaire

441.40

Formule

C₁₉H₁₉N₇O₆

CAS No.

59-30-3

Appearance

Solid

Color

Light yellow to yellow

SMILES

O=C(O)CC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(C1=CC=C(NCC2=CN=C3N=C(N)NC(C3=N2)=O)C=C1)=O

Structure Classification

Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids

Initial Source

Microorganisms

Livraison

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Stockage

RT, protect from light

In solvent	-80°C	1 year
	-20°C	6 months

Solvant et solubilité

In Vitro:

1M NaOH : 100 mg/mL (226.55 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 33.33 mg/mL (75.51 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	2.2655 mL	11.3276 mL	22.6552 mL
5 mM	0.4531 mL	2.2655 mL	4.5310 mL
10 mM	0.2266 mL	1.1328 mL	2.2655 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 300 mM Sodium bicarbonate in Water
Solubility: 50 mg/mL (113.28 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.71 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: 2.08 mg/mL (4.71 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.08 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

Pureté et documentation

Purity: 99.40%

Fiche technique (279 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (245 KB) HNMR (132 KB) RP-HPLC (180 KB)

Instruction de manipulation (2659 KB)

Références

[1]. Butterworth CE Jr, et al. Folic acid safety and toxicity: a brief review. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989 Aug;50(2):353-8. [Content Brief]

[2]. Brocardo PS, et al. Folic acid administration produces an antidepressant-like effect in mice: evidence for the involvement of the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems. Neuropharmacology. 2008 Feb;54(2):464-73. [Content Brief]

[3]. Lillycrop KA, et al. Dietary protein restriction of pregnant rats induces and folic acid supplementation prevents epigenetic modification of hepatic gene expression in the offspring. J Nutr. 2005 Jun;135(6):1382-6. [Content Brief]

[4]. Pietrzik K, et al. Folic acid and L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate: comparison of clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2010 Aug;49(8):535-48. [Content Brief]

[5]. Peñalva R, et al. Zein nanoparticles for oral folic acid delivery[J]. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 2015, 30: 450-457.

[6]. Aparicio-Trejo OE, et al. Chronic impairment of mitochondrial bioenergetics and β-oxidation promotes experimental AKI-to-CKD transition induced by folic acid. Free Radic Biol Med. 2020 Jul;154:18-32. [Content Brief]

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Referência HY-16637-500mg

Marca : MedChemExpress

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