TLR4 Blocking Peptide

Formulation:	Liquid form at 2.5mg/ml concentration in PBS. Up to 5% DMSO can be added. Orders with >1mg can be supplied in lyophilized powder form, or in buffer of choice.
Storage Instruction:	Store at-20°C for long term storage. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.

Gene Symbol:	TLR4
Gene ID:	7099
Uniprot ID:	TLR4_HUMAN
Immunogen Region:	970-1000
Specificity:	This blocking peptide is recommended for use in combination with TLR4 antibody, STJ503278
Immunogen:	Synthetic peptide taken within amino acid region 970-1000 on human TLR4 protein.

Tissue Specificity	Highly expressed in placenta, spleen and peripheral blood leukocytes. Detected in monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and several types of T-cells.
Post Translational Modifications	N-glycosylated. Glycosylation of Asn-526 and Asn-575 seems to be necessary for the expression of TLR4 on the cell surface and the LPS-response. Likewise, mutants lacking two or more of the other N-glycosylation sites were deficient in interaction with LPS. Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues by LYN after binding lipopolysaccharide.
Function	Transmembrane receptor that functions as a pattern recognition receptor recognizing pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs) to induce innate immune responses via downstream signaling pathways. At the plasma membrane, cooperates with LY96 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Also involved in LPS-independent inflammatory responses triggered by free fatty acids, such as palmitate, and Ni(2+). Mechanistically, acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Alternatively, CD14-mediated TLR4 internalization via endocytosis is associated with the initiation of a MYD88-independent signaling via the TICAM1-TBK1-IRF3 axis leading to type I interferon production. In addition to the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, initiates the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and formation of a positive feedback loop between autophagy and NF-kappa-B signaling cascade. In complex with TLR6, promotes inflammation in monocytes/macrophages by associating with TLR6 and the receptor CD86. Upon ligand binding, such as oxLDL or amyloid-beta 42, the TLR4:TLR6 complex is internalized and triggers inflammatory response, leading to NF-kappa-B-dependent production of CXCL1, CXCL2 and CCL9 cytokines, via MYD88 signaling pathway, and CCL5 cytokine, via TICAM1 signaling pathway. In myeloid dendritic cells, vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G but not LPS promotes the activation of IRF7, leading to type I IFN production in a CD14-dependent manner.
Peptide Name	Toll-Like Receptor 4 Htoll Cd Antigen Cd284
Database Links	Reactome: R-HSA-1236974 Reactome: R-HSA-140534 Reactome: R-HSA-166016 Reactome: R-HSA-166058 Reactome: R-HSA-166166 Reactome: R-HSA-2562578 Reactome: R-HSA-5602498 Reactome: R-HSA-5603041 Reactome: R-HSA-5686938 Reactome: R-HSA-936964 Reactome: R-HSA-937041 Reactome: R-HSA-937072 Reactome: R-HSA-9707616 Reactome: R-HSA-975163
Cellular Localisation	Cell Membrane Single-Pass Type I Membrane Protein Early Endosome Cell Projection Ruffle Upon Complex Formation With Cd36 And Tlr6 Internalized Through Dynamin-Dependent Endocytosis Colocalizes With Rftn1 At Cell Membrane And Then Together With Rftn1 Moves To Endosomes Upon Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation
Alternative Peptide Names	Toll-Like Receptor 4 protein Htoll protein Cd Antigen Cd284 protein TLR4 protein

Information sourced from Uniprot.org

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