Human whole blood collected into citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) or citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPDA-1) is a minimally processed biological matrix containing erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, plasma proteins, metabolites, and other circulating components. CPD and CPDA-1 are anticoagulant-preservative systems used for refrigerated blood storage and are particularly relevant to research on erythrocyte physiology, metabolism, and blood preservation. Citrate prevents coagulation primarily by chelating ionized calcium, phosphate contributes to buffering, and dextrose provides a substrate for erythrocyte metabolism. CPDA-1 additionally contains adenine, which supports maintenance of erythrocyte ATP and contributes to improved red-cell preservation compared with CPD alone.

Key Features

• Human Whole Blood Matrix : Human whole blood retaining major cellular and plasma components.

• CPD-Based Anticoagulation and Preservation : CPD-based anticoagulation and preservation.

• CPDA-1 Adenine Supplementation : CPDA-1 contains adenine to support erythrocyte ATP maintenance.

• Blood Storage Research : Suitable for investigating storage-associated biochemical and cellular changes, including red blood cell storage lesions.

Usual Research Applications

• Erythrocyte Morphology, Viability, Metabolism, and Membrane Biology

• Hematology and Blood-Cell Physiology Research

• Storage-Associated Biochemical and Cellular Changes : Analysis of ATP, 2,3-DPG depletion, hemolysis, and other storage-associated changes.

• Blood Preservation Studies : Comparative studies of blood preservation and anticoagulant-preservative systems.